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Only eight #asteroids ☄️ have ever been detected before impact 💥 with #Earth’s atmosphere. The first of these discoveries took place in 📆 2008, and four were detected in just the last two years https://www.esa.int/Space_Safety/Planetary_Defence/Asteroid_2024_BX1_spotted_three_hours_before_impact

#Asteroid danger explained : "The main challenge stems from the population of middle-size objects, ranging from tens to hundreds of metres in diameter. There are a lot of these asteroids, and most have not been spotted yet." https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2018/06/Asteroid_danger_explained

#ESA#AsteroidThreat

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"The bad news is #NASA estimates that it tracks only about 40 percent 📊 of the #asteroids ☄️ #large enough that they could cause calamity if they were to hit 💥 #Earth" https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/10/24/nasa-asteroid-telescope

#ESA : #Asteroid danger explained https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2018/06/Asteroid_danger_explained

#AsteroidThreat

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📆 2025 Lunar Gateway #NASA#ESA#CSA #JAXA
📆 2025 Haven-1 #VastSpace
📆 2026 Axiom Station #AxiomSpace
📆 2026 StarMax #Gravitics
📆 2026 LIFE Pathfinder #SierraSpace
📆 2027 Russian Orbital Service Station #Roscosmos
📆 2028 Starlab #NanoRacks#VoyagerSpace#Airbus#MDASpace#Mitsubishi
📆 second half 2020s Orbital Reef #BlueOrigin#SierraSpace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_space_stations#Planned_and_proposed

#SpaceStation #launch

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Electric propulsion systems are not #energy limited. An arbitrarily large amount of energy can be delivered (from a #solar ☀️ or #nuclear ☢️ power system) to a given mass of propellant so that the exhaust velocity (or specific impulse) can be much larger than that available from a #chemical propulsion system. Electric propulsion systems are termed " #power 🔋 limited" https://sci.esa.int/web/smart-1/-/34201-electric-spacecraft-propulsion?section=electric-versus-chemical-propulsion

#ESA#ElectricPropulsion

#NASA#Orion #radiation protection plan 🗒️ "astronauts will position themselves in the central part of the crew module and #create a #shelter using the stowage bags 🛍️ on board. The crew would in some cases need to stay inside for as long as 24 hours ⌛ https://www.nasa.gov/missions/artemis/orion/scientists-and-engineers-evaluate-orion-radiation-protection-plan/

#HumanSpaceflightHealth#RadiationProtection#Artemis#LunarGateway

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#ESA is contributing three key elements to the #Gateway: Lunar #IHab*, #LunarView and #LunarLink. Together, these provide a habitable space for astronauts 👨‍🚀, refuelling, storage and telecommunication capabilities, and windows to view space 🌌 and the Moon 🌙. https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Exploration/Gateway

* Habitable volume: 10 m3, Launch mass: 10 tonnes https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Gateway_Lunar_I-Hab

#HumanSpaceflightHealth#RadiationProtection#Artemis#LunarGateway

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📆 2025 preview :

#Moon 🌙 deliveries by #Astrobotic, #IntuitiveMachines and #Firefly Aerospace.
#SPHEREx will create a map of the universe 🌌
#ESA's 🇪🇺 #SpaceRider #spaceplane orbital test flight
#Japan's 🇯🇵 lunar lander and micro-rover
#Tianwen2 🇨🇳 collects samples from a #NEA ☄️
#BepiColombo at #Mercury
#EuropaClipper at #Mars
#NASA’s #Lucy #asteroid flyby
#JUICE at #Venus
https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/space-missions-coming-in-2025

#SierraSpace#DreamChaser test mission to the #ISShttps://www.planetary.org/articles/calendar-of-space-events-2025

Launch costs have fallen 95% 📉 (with another massive reduction expected in the coming years) thanks to reuse, improved engineering, and increased volumes.
“In economics, we assume that resources are limited; land is limited; natural resources are limited. With #space 🌌, it allows us to change that.” https://www.theguardian.com/science/article/2024/may/03/were-in-a-new-era-the-21st-century-space-race-takes-off

#LaunchCost#SpaceMining

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📊 #ESA 🇪🇺 and its member states forked over $4.4B 💰💰💰💰 to develop #Ariane6. Customer launches are unlikely to pay back development costs any time soon.

#SpaceX has invested over $5B 💰💰💰💰💰 in #Starship 🚀 R&D to date. Starship has proven its expendable capability, and the company is focusing on achieving full #reusability ♻️.

#NASA spent a dizzying $24B 💰💰💰💰💰💰💰💰💰💰💰💰💰💰💰💰💰💰💰💰💰💰💰💰 developing #SLS
https://payloadspace.com/rocket-development-costs-by-vehicle-payload-research

#DevelopmentCost#LaunchCost